Revenue, Expenses, & Grants from Program Services

The IRS requires large and mid-size exempt organizations to describe three of their most major program services when reporting Form 990 or 990-EZ tax returns.

These services typically measure or rank by the total expenses spent by the organization. If a tax-exempt group has less than three program services, they can just describe the activities of each available service.

Descriptions of program services can include many variables such as how many clients the organization served, days of care provided, publications issued, or the number of sessions held. Along with stating the objective of the service, the IRS also needs to know all revenue, expense, and grant amounts associated with each program.

Revenue
Section 501(c)(3) and 501(c)(4) organizations are responsible for reporting any income coming directly from activities of each program service. Fees for services or sales from goods related to each activity are all considered revenue. These amounts should include the program service revenue listed on Part VIII, Column A, Line 2 of the 990 form; it can also contain other amounts from Part VIII, Line 1 through 3 such as related or exempt function revenue.

Important: Revenue should also include any unrelated business income from activities exploiting an exempt function - advertising in a journal would be an example. You shouldn’t combine any charitable contributions and grants as revenue coming from program services.

Expenses & Grants
For each program service listed on Part III, Line 4a through 4c, 501(c)(3) and 501(c)(4) organizations have to enter total expenses that you reported on Part IX, Column B, Line 25. And list the total grants and allocations within those expenses that are marked on Part IX, Column B, Line 3 through 11 of the 990 form.

Other Program Services
If you have more than three significant program services, you can continue to report on the Schedule O. The IRS won’t require a detailed description of these other services like it did the first three. But you are responsible for listing the total revenues and expenses - including grants - exactly how you did with your organization’s larger program services.

With IRS-authorized ExpressTaxExempt, organizations can easily enter information about their program services in minutes. Our 990 form e-file application also generates any additional services onto your Schedule O and allows you to enter revenue, expenses and grant amounts for each entry.

Speak with your local tax professional or advisor if you have any detailed questions about your organization’s program services. For any questions or assistance with reporting your program activities with our e-file service, contact our US-based customer support team at 704.839.2321 or email us with support@expresstaxexempt.com.

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How to File a Schedule F for Foreign Activities

Any exempt organization with activities conducted outside the United States need to report information about those international actions on their IRS Form 990.

Activities can include grants and other assistance, program-related investments, fundraising activities, program services, and more.

Reporting this type of information is done using Schedule F and is for various geographic locations like Antarctica, Central America and the Caribbean, East Asia and the Pacific, Europe, and much more.

Here are some helpful guidelines to follow from the IRS when filing a Schedule F:

Part I - General Information on Activities Outside the United States
The first section of Schedule F is for organizations with aggregate revenues or expenses greater than $10,000 from grantmaking, fundraising, business, investment, or program services outside of the United States. The IRS doesn't require any expenditure from services provided in U.S. for recipients inside and outside the U.S.

For Line 1, indicate whether the organization maintains records to substantiate the following:

• The monetary value of its grants and other assistance
• The recipients’ eligibility for grants or assistance
• The selection criteria used to award grants or assistance

Responses to Line 2 will go on Part V of the Schedule F. You should describe the organization’s procedures for monitoring the use of grants and assistance outside of the U.S. - this can include details from periodic reports and accountings, field investigations, or third-party audits.

Line 3 requires you to enter details for each type of activity conducted any time during the filling year for each region. If the organization has many activities per area, list each one separately for the same location name. Report any investments by regions as well; however, they should be separate from other activities listed in the same area. And you can list all investments from a particular region as a single entry.

It is not necessary to report any foreign investments indirectly held through a pass-through entity in the U.S. because the entity is not physically in a foreign location. You also won’t need to list any investments from entities located overseas that trade on a U.S. stock exchange.

Important: Listing funds transferred to a non-interest bearing account outside of the United States for program services is not necessary for Line 3; however, once those funds are used, the IRS requires you to list them on Line 3, Column F.

Complete the chart for Line 3 as follows

• Column A - List each region in which your organization conducts its foreign activity
• Column B - List the number of offices in each region
• Column C - List the number of employees, agents, and independent contractors in each region
• Column D - List the type of activity conducted in the region (i.e. fundraising, program services, etc.)
• Column E - Give a description of the particular type of service for any program services listed in Column D
• Column F - List total expenditures and investments in each region

With Lines 3a through 3c for Column B, report the total number of offices in foreign locations maintained by the organization during the tax year - don’t count any one office more than once. You’ll also enter the total number of employees and the overall sum of expenditures and investments on Lines 3a through 3c for their respective columns.

Part II - Grants and Other Assistance to Organizations or Entities Outside the United States
Exempt organizations with any recipients outside of the U.S. that have received grants or assistance of at least $5,000 need to be reported in this section. On Line 1, you need to list those recipients in the chart provided. Enter each organization or entity on separate lines. If you require more space for additional beneficiaries, you can attach duplicate copies as needed.

In this section, list cash or noncash grants and assistance based on the accounting method from your organization’s financial statements - you’ll need to describe this process later on in Part V. You should also report grants no matter the source of the funds or whether the organization chose the recipient.

Important: Completing Columns A or B in the chart isn’t necessary.

Finish the rest of the chart for Line 1 as follows

• Column C - Enter the region where the principal foreign office of the recipient organization is or where grant funds are getting used
• Column D - Describe the purpose of grant funds with specific terms like general support, school, construction, or medical supplies rather than broad words like educational or religious
• Column E - Enter the total dollar amount of cash grants, in U.S. dollars, for each recipient
• Column F - Describe how your organization disburses cash for each recipient (i.e. cash payment, check, money transfer, etc.)
• Column G - Enter the Fair Market Value of noncash properties in U.S. dollars
• Column H - Enter a description for any noncash goods or assistance listed
• Column I - Describe the method of valuation for noncash properties

On Line 2, report the total number of recipients from your list on Line 1 that is either recognized as a charity by the foreign country, recognized as tax-exempt by the IRS, or has provided a section 501(c)(3) equivalency letter. With Line 3, enter the total number recipients that are not classified as described in Line 2.

Part III - Grants and Other Assistance to Individuals Outside the United States
Similar to Part II, this section is for exempt organizations who have given at least $5,000 in grants and assistance directly to foreign individuals or foreign groups for the benefit of a particular foreign individual.

You need to complete the chart in Part III the same way you did for Part II, Line 1. Be aware that for Part III, Column A, you’re going to use the same terms that you used for Part II, Line 1, Column D. The IRS also needs an explanation in Part V for any estimated numbers you come up with for Part III, Column C.

Part IV - Foreign Forms
Any exempt organization filing a Schedule F must complete Part IV by answering each question from Line 1 to Line 6. It could be possible to answer each question as “No,” if applicable. But for any question answered “Yes,” the IRS requires you to the file the additional form listed with the question.

Part V - Supplemental Information
The final section within Schedule F is for you to provide detailed explanations for the following parts you answered earlier:

• Part I, Line 2 - Methods for monitoring the use of your organization’s grants and assistance outside the U.S.
• Part I, Line 3, Column F - Methods used for accounting expenditures on the organization’s financial statements
• Part II, Line 1 and Part III - Methods used for accounting cash grants and noncash assistance on the organization’s financial statements
• Part III, Column C - Methods used to estimate the number of recipients

You can also supply any other explanations or descriptions as needed, but for anything written in Part V, you should write out the corresponding part and line of the schedule. For any tax-intensive questions regarding your organization’s activities outside of the U.S., we recommend speaking with a certified professional or contacting the IRS directly at 877.829.5500.

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Reporting Organization’s Program Service Accomplishments

Part III of IRS Form 990 and 990-EZ requires you to report your exempt organization’s program service accomplishments. A program service is typically the major ongoing objective or mission of your nonprofit or charity. The IRS lists many examples of exempt services including

• A hospital's provision of charity care under its charity care policy
• A college's provision of higher education to students in a degree program
• And much more

Here are a few instructions directly from the IRS about reporting program services on your 990 tax return:

Organization’s Mission
You begin Part III by describing your organization’s mission as articulated in your mission statement or as adopted by your organization’s governing body. With ExpressTaxExempt.com, you also have the option of indicating if your group hasn’t established a mission.

Service Changes from Prior Year
You need to answer whether your tax-exempt group offered any new, significant program services not listed on your prior Form 990/990-EZ, or ceased conducting, or made major changes in how it performs, any program services. You can describe any new services or changes on a Schedule O.

Description of Program Services
You are responsible for describing program service accomplishments for three of your organization’s largest program services - if you have less than three, then describe for the number of services you do have.

The services you list are typically measured by the total expenses incurred, but you should include the following with your descriptions:

• Accurate measurements such as clients served, days of care provided, number of sessions or events held, or publications issued
• The service's objective for both the current period and a long-term goal
• Reasonable estimates for any statistical information if exact figures are not readily available

You need to be clear, concise, and complete with your descriptions. The IRS doesn’t recommend attaching any brochures, newsletters, or articles about your organization. If you need more space for explanations, you can use Schedule O.

Other Information
For each program service you list, you must also provide total expenses included on Part IX, and total grants and allocations, if applicable, included with your total costs. You’re also responsible for reporting any revenue derived directly from the service.

With ExpressTaxExempt.com, you can quickly and easily enter this information in minutes. Our application automatically generates your additional descriptions onto Schedule O and also calculates revenue, expenses, and grant values with the entries provided in the respective section.

Call our U.S. - based support team for any questions or assistance with entering program service accomplishments on your 990 form. We’re available at 704.839.2321, Monday through Friday from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. EST - email us at any time with support@ExpressTaxExempt.com.

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