Are Public Libraries Considered Nonprofit Organizations?

In general, public libraries do not receive 501(c)(3) exemption status from the IRS; however, tax officials recognize them as a governmental unit under the 501(c)(3) Internal Revenue Code which allows exemption from federal taxes.

For grant applications from foundations or charitable organizations, government entities usually need to provide proof of its tax-exempt or charity status.

Are Public Libraries Considered Nonprofit Organizations?

Tax-Exempt Status for Libraries

A public library can use its federal taxpayer identification number, commonly known as its Employer Identification Number (EIN), to identify itself. The IRS can also distribute a “governmental information letter” upon request which proves the library’s exemption from federal taxes. The letter also explains how the entity is applicable for deductible contributions and income exclusion.

When a new public library gets commissioned by an administration of public education, it is automatically exempt from state taxes and typically doesn’t pay federal taxes because of its governing entity status. In particular circumstances, a library can request to qualify as a 501(c)(3) organization instead of a government entity but has to submit a Form 1023 to receive a determination from the IRS.

While operating as a government entity, libraries can enlist another 501(c)(3) organization to accept funds or donations on its behalf - these nonprofit organizations are typically friends groups, community foundations, or library associations. They use public contributions and grants towards charity, education, the promotion of literature, and related administrative costs. Among other activities, these exempt organizations' charitable efforts are for improving public libraries, promoting literacy, and awarding scholarships.

Please Read: File Form 990-N, 990-EZ, 990, 990-PF Securely

Tax Deductible Contributions for Public Libraries

Public libraries and their associations are eligible to receive tax-deductible charitable contributions. The IRS requires a receipt written to donors who contribute over $250. You can give receipts or a “thank you” for lesser amounts if you choose, but the primary reason is for those planning to deduct their donation from their tax bill.

The tax receipt should contain the following information:

• Name and address of the organization
• Date the contribution was given
• The amount of a cash contribution or the description of a non-cash donation
• A statement of goods or services that are given in return for a contribution, if necessary

If there’s a donor that gives numerous small donations throughout the year, and their total amount is over $250, they will also need a written receipt for tax purposes. 501(c)(3) organizations or associations that are accepting contributions on behalf of a library will need to report individual donations of $5,000 or greater on Schedule B of their Form 990.

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How to Donate Tax Deductible Books to Libraries

One way to reduce the clutter around your office or home is to donate any old books you have to your local library - not only are you giving to a great cause, but you could also be lowering your annual tax bill.

Because the federal government classifies most libraries as nonprofit educational institutions, they are qualified charities that can receive tax-deductible, charitable contributions.

You can find information about your local library’s tax-exempt status through the IRS charity database, or speak with the library’s administrator. Here are some tips about donating books to a qualified, tax-exempt library:

Valuation of Books
Under normal circumstances, the IRS allows you to deduct the fair market value of your donated books. There aren’t many federal rules about what comprises a fair market value of an item; it’s typically an agreed price in the open market that’s considerably lower than the original value.

You can search second-hand shops or online stores to find prices for similar used items. In exceptional cases, your book may be worth more than fair market value. For instance, the author signed the cover or a page. You may want an appraisal for the book’s actual value.

Proper Recordkeeping
Like many other deductions, you need to provide proof to claim the credit. According to experts, if your contribution is less than $250, the library should give you a receipt displaying its name and address, the date you contributed, and a description of your donation. Your personal record should list the description along with how much you paid for the books and their fair market values.

With donations over $250, your receipt from the library needs to include any benefits or gifts given in return for your contribution. If your “Thank You” gift has monetary value, the IRS requires you to deduct the amount from the value of your donation. And any contributions totaling over $5,000 in books requires an appraisal for the fair market value.

Itemize Your Deduction
To properly claim a deduction for your book donations, you must itemize what you gave. Choosing standard deductions depends on your filing status and the standard changes for inflation each year - you typically want to itemize deductions if the amount is going to be larger than standard. But the choice is ultimately up to you - if you only donated a couple of novels that were just lying around, it may not be worth the extra effort to itemize.

Reporting Donations and Contributions
Taxpayers can report the value of their book donations on Schedule A, Line 17 of their personal tax return. If you’re donating a substantial monetary value, you may need to file additional forms and include an appraisal signature. For libraries reporting their received contributions, you can list donations worth $5,000 or more from any one donor on the Schedule B of your annual 990 form.

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Tax Deductible Contributions to Nonprofit Schools

Taxpayers can claim deductions towards their annual tax bill from donations they make to recognized 501(c)(3) organizations. Qualified 501(c)(3) groups typically include nonprofit schools operating solely for literary and education purposes.

But if the school significantly participates in activities that are unrelated to its charitable purposes, then the donation may not be tax deductible.

Here are some relevant guidelines from the IRS about donating contributions to your local nonprofit schools:

Value of School Donations
When filing your personal taxes, you can deduct the monetary value of cash or items you donated to a nonprofit school during the tax year. The process requires you to determine the fair market value of the donation on the day you gave it away.

There are various ways to find the valuation based on the type of item, and while the IRS won’t endorse one method over the other, they firmly state that the value must accurately indicate pricing that the item could sell for in an open market. An example would be donating clothes - you could check local thrift shops to find out how much the clothes would sell for or find prices from online stores selling similarly conditioned clothing.

Receiving Benefits from Nonprofit School
If the school gives you a gift or some benefit in return for your contribution, then the IRS requires you to reduce the value of your donation by the value of the gift you received from the school. The gift may be something of little to no monetary value such as a certificate, card, or plaque - in such a case, you won’t have to reduce your donation. But if the school happens to give you a $50 shopping card, you’ll need to subtract that amount from the value of your contribution.

Proof of Contribution and Penalties
Beware of filing overvalued charitable contributions. The IRS charges 20% of the underpaid tax from a valuation that exceeds 150% of its actual value and 40% from valuations exceeding 200% of normal value.

Furthermore, the IRS can deny your deduction if you don’t have proper documentation. You are responsible for maintaining a record of all your contributions - cash or items. You should have a description of the contribution and the name of the organization that received it. If your donation was cash, you should provide a bank statement, canceled check, or receipt. For large cash contributions, usually over $250, the IRS requests a written acknowledgment or receipt from the organization before deducting the donation.

Claiming tax deductible contributions towards nonprofit schools is only possible through itemizing your personal expenses. Taxpayers can claim itemized deductions on Schedule A of IRS Form 1040 if total deductible expenses are greater than standard deductions for the tax year. And for schools needing to report received contributions, you can do so by submitting a Schedule B with your IRS 990 form.

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